My favorites from this list

AFRICA
Cape Verde: Germano Almeida: The Last Will and Testament of Senhor da Silva Araújo
Congo, Republic of (Congo-Brazzaville): Alain Mabanckou: African Psycho
Sudan: Tayeb Salih: Season of Migration to the North

ASIA
Bhutan: Queen of Bhutan Ashi Dorji Wangmo Wangchuck: Treasures of the Thunder Dragon: A Portrait of Bhutan
Japan: Yukio Mishima: The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea
Palestine: Raja Shehadeh: Strangers in the House: Coming of Age in Occupied Palestine
Turkmenistan: Gregory M. Levin: Pomegranate Roads: A Soviet Botanist's Exile from Eden
Vietnam: Monique Truong: The Book of Salt

EUROPE
Austria: Rainer Maria Rilke: Sonnets to Orpheus
Cyprus: Stavros Panteli: Place of Refuge: A History of the Jews in Cyprus
Finland: Johanna Sinisalo: Troll: A Love Story
Germany: Herman Hesse: Magister Ludi
Greece: Olga Broumas: Beginning with O
Ireland (Northern, UK): Seamus Heaney: Death of a Naturalist
Liechtenstein: Prince Hans-Adam, The Reigning Prince of Liechtenstein: The State in the Third Millenium
Malta: Professor Sir Themistocles Zammit: Prehistoric Malta: Tarxien Temples and Saflieni Hypogeum
Wales (UK): Jo Walton: Among Others

NORTH AMERICA
Dominican Republic: Junot Díaz: The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao
Saint Lucia: Derek Walcott: The Prodigal: A Poem
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Vivian Child: City of Arches: Memories of an Island Capital, Kingstown, St. Vincent & the Grenadines
United States: Ursula K. Le Guin: The Left Hand of Darkness

SOUTH AMERICA
Argentina: Jorge Luis Borges: Ficciones
Suriname: Andrew Westoll: Surinam: Stumbling through the Dark Heart of South America's Forgotten Jungle [The Riverbones: Stumbling After Eden in the Jungles of Suriname]

OCEANIA
Fiji: Epeli Hau'ofa: Tales of the Tikongs
Marshall Islands: Irene J. Taafaki, Maria Kabua Fowler, Randolph R. Thaman: Traditional Medicine of the Marshall Islands: The Women, the Treatments, the Plants
New Zealand: Keri Hulme: The Bone People
Tuvalu: Gerd Koch (ethnographer): Songs of Tuvalu

ANTARCTICA
Antarctica: Richard E. Byrd: Alone

Special praise for Professor Sir Themistocles Zammit: Prehistoric Malta: Tarxien Temples and Saflieni Hypogeum. This was a "book of necessity," but got me so interested that I ultimately went to Malta to see these incredibly cool temples (especially the Hypogeum, a UNESCO World Heritage site). This required booking admission online three months in advance. Afterward, we went to Malta's National Museum of Archaeology and commented to the ticket clerk that we'd just admired the Hypogeum. He said we were lucky to get in since they were booked months in advance. I said I'd indeed booked in advance. He asked how we knew about the temples, and I replied that I'd read Professor Sir Themistocles Zammit's book on the Tarxien Temples and Saflieni Hypogeum. "Ah, my great-uncle!" he replied. "There's a bust of him on the second-floor landing!"